Apparatus for laying concrete sidewalks, curbs, &amp;c.



E. L. RANSOME.`

APPARATUS'FOB LAYING CONCRETE SIDEWALKS, GURBS, duo.

APPLICATION FILED DBOfl'?, 1907.

l l Am wak@ @WF 5 SHEETS-SHEET '1.

Patented Nov. 16, 1909.

wfg-@Wm l im.

l E. L. RANsoME. APPARATUS FOB LAYING CONCRETE SIDEWALKS, GURBS, dw.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.17, 1907.

Patented Nov. 16,1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2 I I I I I I l I I I I I I I l 1 I I I I I I I \a I I I I I I I l l I I l I I I Ijl-C I /NVE 0H A ATTORNEY W/T/VESSES l E. L. RANSOME.

APPARATUS Fon LAYING CONCRETE SIDBWALKS, cURBs, 6.0.

APPLICATION FILED DEO. 17, 1907.

y940,061 Patented Nv.16,1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

A TTOHNE Y E. L. RANsoME.

APPARATUS POR LAYING GONGRBTB SIDBWALKS, OUBBS, 6m.

PPLIOATIoN H Lm) D110. 17, 1907.

mqll.

Patented Nov. 16,'1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

ATTORNEY '13. L. RANSOME.

APPARATUS FOR LAYING CONCRETE SIDBWALKSfGURBS, 6m.

APPLICATION FILED DBO.1'7, 1907.

Patented Nov. 16, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.l

A TTOHNEY ERNEST L. RANSOME, OF NEW YQRK, N. Y.

coNDUIT co., or NEW Yong, N.

, nssranon 'ro nANsonr-z INTEENATLQNAL Y, A COBPQBATIONOF MAINE AiPPARATUS FOR LAYING CONCRETE mEwALKs, CUBBS, &0.

spectacular; or Letter; raten.

Patented. Nov. i6, 190e.

Application 17, 1907. Serial No. 406,832.

To all whom 'it may concern: Y

Be it known that I, ERNEST L. RANsoME, of the city of New York, V'county of Riehmond, and State of New York, 'have 1nvented certain new and useful Improvements' in Apparatus for Laying Concrete Sidewalks, Curbs, &c., of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specication, such as will enable others skilled in the ,art to which it appertainsto make and use the same.

My present invention relates `to the construction of concrete sidewalks, curbs, gutters, pavements and other simllar structures by means of a traveling mold which advances ogressively with the formation of the work. In accomplishing this end, I con-l struct the mold with the cross sectional form of the work to be produced and arrange it so that the plastic concrete may be charged or packed in the mold as the sameis moved forward progressively with the formation of theuwork. The mold in moving over the concrete, shapes and smoothes the same and leaves the concrete in the finished state and form which it is desired to give the si'de Walk, curb or other work constructed.

My invention involves various other fea.- tures of importance, all of which will be fully set forth hereinafter and particularly pointed out in the claims. Y

Reference is had to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, as examples, var-ious forms of the invention, and in which,

Figure 1 is a plan view of the invention adapted as a sidewalk mold; Fig. 2 is an enlarged section of the main part of the mold on the line 2-2 of Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a cross section on the line 3-,-3 ofFig. 1'; 4 is a plan view of a form of the invention adapted for the simultaneous construction of' a transversely continuous sidewalk, curb or gutter; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section thereof on the line 5 -5 of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a cross section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 4; Fig. 7 is a plan view of the apparatus adapted as a `curb and gutter mold, showing in connection therewith, certain devices for facilitating the4 movement of the apparatus -and for dividingv the work transversely;

Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the curb and gutter mold; Fig. 9 isa longitudinal section thereof on the line 9- -9 of Fig. 7; Fig. 10"- is a longitudinal section of the curb Iand gutter mold on the line 1041110 of Fig, 7;:

I 11 isa rear elevation of the form ofthe invention shown in Figs. 7-10; Fig. 12 is a cross section on the line 12-12 of Fig. 8; Fig. 1B is a plan view of a modification in the curb and gutter mold; Fi 14 is a cross section on the line 14--14 -o Fig. 13; and Fig. 15 is a detail section' on the line l5-l5 o Fi 13. v

Re erring iii-'st to Figs.A 1,2, and 3, which illustrate a form of the invention adapted to laying concrete sidewalks, the molding a paratus proper comprises runners 20 from w 'ch ver-tica walls 21- rise. These vertical walls are connected at the rear art of the apparatus by a horizontal mol ing wall 22 lwhich is adapted to run over the top of the work and finish o the same as will hereinafter fully appear. The runners 2.0. support the apparatus in the trench or on the level ground accordingA to the manner in which the side walk is laid;

andthe front of the apparatus is provided with a means 23, which may be of any desired sort, by which the apparatus is drawn along as the construction of the pipe progresses. The front ends of the runners 20, as shown best in Fig. l, are tapered out; ward, as indicated at 20a for the purpose of enabling the apparatus to be guided in its movement. This is done by packing in earth at or. ahead of the tapered portions which,

as the apparatus is drawn along, wedge against the earth, thus pushing the apparatus to one side or the other according to the side at which the earth is packed.

AS1 indicated best in Figs. 1 and 2, the apparatus is provided at its front end with a transversely disposed hopper 24 open at the bottom and ada ated to receive cinders or other material for orming a bed or foundation on which the side walk is laid. Rearward of the. hopper 24 is an open space l25 which is provided to rece-ive the concrete constituting the body of the side walk and to allow the same to be laid or packed in place. Rearward of the opening 25 isa eut-olf plate 26 which is flanged at its ends and the anges formed with slots 27 receiving bolts 28 which are adjustable to regulate the height of the cut-olf plate and consequently the lthickness of the layer of concrete, the cut-oli plate smoothing olf and limiting the vv height at which the concrete-is packed. The

. fere with the friction of the concrete `on the plate 26, and owing to the direction of inclination of the slots 27, to draw the plate 26 downward'and rearward so that should the bolts 28 become loosened, the tendency will beto compress the plate against the concrete rather than allow it to rise, which latter would interproper operation of the apparatus.

Rearward of the cut-off plate 26 is an opening 29 which enables the concrete to be observed after having been leveled off by the plate 26; and rearward of this openi ing is a hopper' or box 30 adapted to contaln the top finish of a higher grade cement vwhich is spread, over the rougher c oncrete. This hopper 30 is open at the bottom andI its rear wall is so disposed that as the a'pparatus is drawn over the atively thin layer of the top finish is spread out over the rougher concrete in the manner indicated in-Fig. 2. The horizontal wa-ll 22 extends from the'hopper 30 rearward and has a slight drag or downward inclination toward the rear end of fthe apparatus.

' by the broken lines appearing above the top finish at the right hand end of Fig. 2 and its purpose is to give the work a hard surface capable of resisting the impact thereon incident its use as a side walk. If desired,

a trailer indicated at 32 in Fig. 1 may be drawn after Athe apparatus, through links or cables 33. This trailer runs over the iinished side walk and presses into the same the dry cement mixture from the hopper 31, havingy the same effect as hand troweling or rollin which is usually resorted to in hand laid slde walks after the dry cement mixture is sprinkled on the wet top finish.l If desired, a plurality of these trailers may be drawn after the apparatus. The drawing illustrates one example in the interest of brevity. Transverse score lines to prevent cracking and improve the appearance of the work, may be formed by a hand implementl in any desired manner and longitudinal scores for the same purpose may be formed by'a blade or marker 22 on the underside of the troweling wall 22 '(see' Figs. 1 and 2) and on corresponding parts-'ofmodications 'of This blade moves with the this structure. mold and scores the surface of the sidewalk aspindicated at 22b in Fig. 1.

In the operation of the apparatus, the

ound, a compar-` earth bed or foundation is suitably repared either by making a slight trench or leveling off the earth should it be desiredy to lay the side walkon a level or plane surface. The apparatus is then placed in position and the hopper 24 filled and kept filled with cinders, or'such other -inaterial as may be employed in lieu thereof, to furnish ,the 'bed or foundation on which the side walk is laid. The apparatus is then advanced, causing the ash to be s read out in a layer, the thickness of which 1s determined bythe v'position of the lower edge of ,the rear wall of the .hopper 24. As soon as the apparatus A smoothing it down to the predetermined` height for the reception of the top finish. The concrete is constantly packed inv behind thehopper 24;"as'the apparatus advances 5 and as the uhopper 30, the same having been filled with the top finish of a'higher grade of cement, passes over the concrete, this top finish in plastic form is spread out in a thin layer over the concrete. The thickness of this layeris determined by the elevation of the cut oplate 26, while the thicknessof the pavement is controlled by the elevation of the lower extremity of the rear wall' of the hopper 30 above-the surface of the concrete. The continued advance1 of the appa-V ratus bringsy the hopper 31 over the Work and this serves to spread out on the surface of the work a thin layer or sprinkling of highgrade cement mixture, which forms a` hard surface on the side walk. Finally the trailer or trailers 32 follow the apparatus and press they dry cement mixture into the still plastic top finish, this nishing the work. During this operation, the apparatus is advanced continuously and progressively with the formation of the side Walk at a rate of speed dependent upon the supply and manipulation of the materials.` The hopper 24 should be supplied with cin/ders or other material employed 'in lieu thereof and the concrete should be" packed in through the opening 25 in accordance with the advance ofthe apparatus. The plate -26 may be adjusted at will to regulate the height of the concrete and the condition of thconcrete may be observed freely through the opening 29 immediately before the application vthereto of the top nish. The whole apparatus is supportedv by the runners 20 which bear on and are sustained by the earth. The apparatus should have sufficient weight to hold it in position and this .weight 'may be increased at will byI loading 'the-wall 22 or other convenient part of the device. In this connection the drag of the :wall 22 is of great importance since 1t serves not only to compress and pack the concrete,

but also to level oit and smooth the samey in precisely the same manner that it has heretofore been the custom to manually iinish the concrete with the use of trowels, iioats and like tools. Vhil'e the troweling wall. 22 is preferably smooth and continuous asshown, it may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit of my invention, thus it may be made undulal tory or composed of one or a series of rollers.

illhe:precise.form and nature of the work constructed by' my-invention may. be widely Ivari-ed, f particularly it is pointed out that the-apparatusma be so shaped in cross section iand so'm itied otherwise as to lay curbs 'fand gutters integral with the side walk or to-lay the curb andv gutter or curb or'gutter'independently of the side Walk, Which-'lattermay be laid or not by a separate lmeans. Fig. 4, :in this connection, illustrates a formA of the invention adapted to laying the side walk, curb and gutter in .an integral monolithic course and by a vhorizontal section 35' adapted to run over thetop surfaceofthe gutter. These sections 34 :and 35both are substantially horivzontal; theyl are at different elevations and preferablyof-diiferent widths s o that the side walk will be wider. than the gutter. Said sections 34 and 35 of the troweling wall are connected by' a vertical section 36 which runs along and trowels oi the curb or the verticalv portion b, connecting the side walk and gutter.

The a paratus shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6 is providbd with a hopper 37 to receive and 'distribute the top finish and an opening 38 through which the concrete is packed into place Rearward of this opening are two out-of-platest) and 40 which are at different elevations 'respectively corresponding to the elevation of the sidewalk a, and the gutter e. It will be observed that theA concrete is laid for the sidewalk at a higher elevation than for the gutter and to sustain the concrete whileit'is bein tamped at this higher elevation,l the division wall 41 is provided. This wall extends'between and separates the cut-o plates 39: and '40 and projects .from-thehopper |37 forward to the transverse brace 42 at the frontof the apparatus. 'The-said division wall 41 runs along the outer surface ofthe curb b molding the,

'of the lstreet line on .which `elevations of the sidewalk and the pur ose of protecting this earth wall sameprior to the enga ement therewith of the Wall section. 36. T e cut olf plates 39 and 40 are separated from the hopper 37 by openings whlchv serve as observation openings as f before described.' The transverse brace 42- carries shoes 44 and 45 whichare respectively atl the elevations of the vsidewalk and gutter and bear on the earth as the apparatus is drawn over it. The a paratus is:alsoprovided with runners f46 similar to thel runners 20 excepting that they are at different elevations g-one atthe elevation of the sidewalk and the other Aat the elevation the g-uttercis laid.

4In preparing the earth to receive the- Inonolithic sidewalk, curb and gutter, it is shaped as indicated in the cross sectionF ig. 6 where a vertical earth wall 47 separates the gutter. For

during t e movement of the a paratus over it and while the concrete is being packed against it I provide a vertical lsupporting plate 48. rlhis plate extends longitudinally of the apparatus projecting suitably ahead of it and rearward of the brace 42 into the open space 38. The position of the suppprting plate is such that it will run on the said earth wall 47 and sustain it until the concrete is packed against such wall so that the support of the plate 48 is no longer necessary. This plate extends under the shoe'44 and is attached to the brace 42 by means, for example, of an angle member or knee 49, and at its front end by a diagonal brace 5() attached to the plate .-48 and to the cross brace .42.

The operation of the form of the modification ot' the invention shown in Figs. 4, 5,

' and 6 will be understood trom the previous description. The apparatus is drawn over the earth as the formation of the work progresses. The cinder hopper and thedry cement mixture hopper have not been shown in these iigures, but may or may not be employed with this type of the invention as desired. The use of these auxiliaries depends largely upon the nature of the work in hand and illustration thereof in connection with all forms of the invention has been omitted in the interest of simplicity.

Figs. 7 kto 12 illustrate anv embodiment of the invention designed for forniing the curb andgutter alone. Here the apparatus (see Figs. 7 to 12) has runners 51 from which sidewalls 52 and 53 rise, the walls 52 risin above the walls 53 to a height correspon ing to the height of the curb and the walls53 rising to a height corresponding only to the height of. the gutter. These vertical walls are conneoted'by a top molding or troweling wall having substantially horizontal sections 54 and 55 respectively at the elevations of the curb and gutter and connected by a vertical wall 56 which is designed to run along the outer surface of the curb. These walls are clearly illustrated in Figs. 7 to 11. The apparatus is provided with a top finish hopper 57, cut-off plates 58 and 59, char ing opening 60, and cross connected mem rs or brace 61 at the front end, all of which are substantially the same as the simimembers fastened to the sides of the apparatus and its horizontal member arching over between the same. The brid e, therefore, serves not only to sustain the ivision wall, but also to brace and support the side portions of. the apparatus.

I have found that -inlsome forms of con` struction, the friction occasioned by the engagement of the vertical walls 52 and 53 or one of them with the concrete renders the advancement of the apparatus difficult and in some cases disturbs the concrete. To overcome this, I place against the inner sides of the side walls 52 and 53 loose plates 64 and 64a. These are placed in position ahead of the apparatus and the concrete is packed in against their inner sides with the result that the apparatus slides freely against the outer sides of the metal plates which lie stationary against the concrete. After the apparatus f passes over a particular pair of platesand new plates are inserted ahead of them,the plates behind the apparatus may be removed andthe earth at the sides of the trench allowed to fall in against the concrete sustaining it until it sets and hardens. In this way, the concrete is molded smooth at the vertical sides without involving the necessity of dragging the apparatus along the surface of the concrete at these points. On the top surface, however, the walls 54, 55, and 56 run and exert on the topl finish from the hopper 57 the same troweling or smoothing effect hereinbefore described. In this manner, the surfaces of the curb and gutter which are exposed are troweled or finished ofi", while the surfaces opposite the walls 52 and 53, which are covered by the earth after the curb and gutter is built, need not be so finely finished. I take advantage of this fact to insert the plates 64 and 64a. As shown in Fig. 7, these plates lie in openings 65 and 66 in the front member 61-so that the apparatus may be freely moved without moving the plates 64 and 64a. As is also shown in Fi 7, said plates may be connected, if desired, by U-bolts or other forms n of fastenings 67 which bolts hold the plates yin the proper relative position, but which similar work by modifications of the formof invention there shown, it is frequently desirable to cut or divide the work transversely so that it will not crack irregularly from exposure to the weather. I provide for this contingency by the devices shown in Fig. 7 consistin of groups of transverse plates designate 68 and 69, of which the plates 68 are the central plates and the plates 69 are the side plates. These plates are arranged in groups of three at desired intervals and extend transversely across between the loose plates 64 and 64a. The ends of the plates are removably held in vertical guides 70 attached to the inner sides of the loose plates 64 and 64a. In the use of these plates, they are inserted in their guides 70 approximately behind the connecting member 61, and the concrete is packed in between the loose plates 64 and 64a and the transverse plates. After the apparatus passes over one of the groups yof transverse plates and the concrete has hardened sufficiently to permit of it, the transverse plates are removed. This is done by first removing the central plates 68 which slide out readily, `metal against metal. are removed, the sideI plates 69 may be loosened from the concrete and easily withdrawn. The loose side plates 64 and 64lL are After the middle plates 68 also dislodged from the work after the con- 'crete has hardened as explained above, and

thereupon the earth falls in against the concrete. By thus arranging the loose transverse plates, the work is divided transversely at regular intervals and cracking 'is thus avoided. If desired, the curb or other work may be covered with a thin layer of high grade cement which will bridge the.. transverse division line, and the surface of thisthin layer may be indented or cut after the usual manner so as to prevent a jagged or irregular crack. This, however, is not esy sential.

Figs. 13,14, and 15 illustrate a form of f the invention in which the'mold is adjustable to change the form of the gutter. Frequently, it is desirable to form the gutter at different heights and to enable this to be done I make the mold adjustable as shown in the views referred to. -From the cross section Fig.A 14, it will be observed that the particular type of mold there shown is justing the member 71, I provide two orV j more overhangingbeams 73 which are attached to the relatively stationary art of the mold and have bolts 74 adjustab y connecting them with the flexible part 71.` -By manipulating these bolts, said part 71 may be raised or lowered bringin about a corresponding change in the eight `of the gutter.v

The mold shown in Figs.` 13 to 15 has at its relatively stationary side a lrunner 75 and at its opposite side a runner 76. This runner 76 extends loosely past the top finish hopper 77 andhas an u wardly extending side wall or flange 78 W ich slides against the hopper and is adjustably connected therewith by means of a -bolt and nut 79. The cut-offpplate 80.as well as the front connecting member 81 are rigidly joined to the runner 76 and are connected to the rela-y tively stationary part of the apparatus by means of hinges 82. It will thus be seen that when the part 71 is vertically adjusted, it carries with it the runner 76 and the ele- .ments 78, 80 and 81, the top finish hopper 77 ters Patent of the United States is:

1. 'An apparatus for forming concrete work with substantially plane horizontal surfaces comprising a traveling mold havin a top molding wall adapted t'o form suc surfaces and side walls extending down from the side portions of the top molding wall and connected to move with the same A along the side walls of the work, the bottom of the mold being open.

2. An apparatus for forming yconcrete work with substantially lane horizontal surfaces comprising a trave ing mold `having Va top molding wall adapted .to form such surfaces and inclined downward toward the rear vto exert on the work a troweling and compression action and side walls extending down from the side portions of the top molding wall and connected to move with the same along the side walls of the work, the bottom of the mold being open. v l

3. An apparatus for molding concrete work, comprising a traveling mold having two-horizontally disposed molding surfaces at different elevations, a vertically disposed molding surface connectin them, and side walls'extending downwar fromthe outer edges lof both of the horizontal walls, the side walls attached to and traveling with the horizontal walls whereby to form a curb and gutter by a single operation.

4. An apparatus for molding concrete l work, comprising a travelingr mold having a member a. substantial y flat horizontally disposed molding surface and vertically disposed walls or molding surfaces at-y tached to and sustaining said horizontal member, the vertical walls moving with the apparatus as a part thereof and having runners at their lower edges which bear on the earth to sustain the apparatus. y

5. An apparatus for molding concrete work, comprising a traveling mold having a member with a substantially fiat horizontally disposed molding surface and vertically disposed walls attached to the sides of such member and traveling therewith as a part of the apparatus, the bottom of the mold being open.

6. An apparatus for forming concrete work, comprising a traveling mold, the top molding surface whereof is inclined downward toward the rear end of the apparatus and the vertical walls of which are attached to the mold and move therewith as a part thereof, such vertical walls having runners at their lower edges bearing on the earth to sustain the apparatuswhereby as the apparatus is drawn over the work, the 'said inclined surface exerts a compression and troweling eHect.l

7. An .apparatus for molding concrete work, comprising runners attached to and moving with the apparatus as a part there` of, the runners adapted to engage the` earth and sustain the apparatus and a top wall at the rear of thel apparatus behind a feed opening, whereby the concrete may be rpacked into the feed opening and as the apparatus advances the top wall will pass kover the concrete shaping the same.

8. An apparatus.l for molding concrete y of, the runners adapted to engage the earth and sustain the`apparatus and a top wall at the rear of the apparatus behind a feed opening, whereby the concrete may be packed into the feed opening and as the apparatus advances, the top wall will pass over the 'concrete shaping the same, said top wall being inclined downward toward the rear for the purpose specified.

between said feed opening and the hopper formlng a leveling surface for the body of the Work and a troweling member rearward of said hopper to smooth the top finish.

l0. An apparatus for molding concrete work, having a feed opening in its front ortion to receive the body of the work, a o per rearward of the feed opening to con` tain and distribute the top nish of the work, the apparatus having a section separating the said feed opening and hopper and Serving to level off or finish the top surface of the body of the work and the apparatus being adapted to advance progressively with the formation of the work, whereby the body of the work is laid first and the top finish laid over the same. y

11. An apparatus for forming concrete work, comprising a traveling mold adapted to advance. progressively with the formation of the work, the mold havin means for laying and vfinishing the body of the work at its front portion and means rearward therelof for laying the top finish, whereby as the mold progresses the body of the wbrk is laid first and the top nish over it.

12. An apparatus for molding Vconcrete work, having a feed opening in its front portion to receive the body of the work, a opper rearward of the receiving opening to. contain the top finish of the work, means between the feed opening and hopper to finish the body of the work said apparatus being adapted to advance progressively with the formation of the Work, whereby the body of the work is laid and finished first and thetop finish laid over the same,.and a molding or troweling member rearward 'of the hopper;

13. An apparatus for molding concrete wo-rk, having a feed opening in its front ,rtion to receive the body of the Work, a

opper rearward of the receiving lopening to contain the top finish of the work, means between the feed opening andhopper lto fin' ish the body of the work said ap aratus being adapted to advance progressiveliy with the forinatifm of the work, whereby the body of the work is laid and finished first andthe top finish laid over the same, and a molding or troweling member rearward of the hopper, said molding wall inclining downward ytoward the rear for the purpose epecied.v A

14. An apparatus for molding concrete Work, comprisingv a mold having a chargin opening atits. front portion a molding wal at-the rear 'of said opening a division plate vertically disposed in said charging opening to permit laying the concrete at different elevations and a top finish hopper rearward of said molding wall.

15. An apparatus for molding concrete' ivork, comprising a mold having a charging' opening at its front portion and a molding Wall at the rear, and a division plate vertically disposed 1n said charging opening to permit laying the concrete at different elevations, the said molding wall having a cross sectional form corresponding to the elevations atwhich the material is tamped.

16. An apparatus for forming concrete Work, comprising a mold adapted to be advanced with the formation of the work, the, mold having a charging opening at the front portion adapted to receive the body of the work, a cut-off wall disposed horizontally at the rear rof the charging opening, and a hopper at the rear of the cut-off wall to contlain and `distribute the top finish of the wor I.

' 17. An, apparatus for forming concrete of the char ing opening to level off the body of the wor a hopper at the rear of the cut ,off wally tocontain and distribute the top iinishof the work, and a molding or troweling member rearward of the hopper.

18. An apparatus 'for forming concrete work, comprising a traveling. mold having a charging opening to receive the body of the work, a hopper forward of the charging opening to receive and distribute a foundation material and means rearward of the vcharging opening to-level 0H the body of the lprogressively with the advance of the mld,

an open bottom hopper carried at the rear ofthe apparatus and adapted to distribute a thin layer of dry powdered material on the work and a trailer having a smooth under surface, the trailer connected to the apparatus and following the same to impress into. the work the material distributed by the hopper.

. 20. An apparatus for forming concrete work, comprising a traveling mold adapted to advance with the formation of thework,

Vthe mold having 'a charging opening at the front portion, a hopper to receive and distribute a foundation material, located forward ofv the. charging opening, a cut-off plate rearward of the charging opening, a hopper rearward of the cut oii' plate to ap`- ply the, top finish, a moldin or troweling member rearward of the top nish hopper, a hopper rearward of the molding or troweling member to supply to fe surface of the work a coat of dry cementitious material and a trailer moving behind the mold to i'inish off the Work.

2l. An apparatus for forming concrete work, comprising molding surfaces at different elevations and a guiding plate attached to the apparatus and disposed vertically, said guiding plate being-designed to run against a vertical earth wall to sustain the same.

22. An apparatus for forming concrete work, comprising a horizontally disposed molding wall and means for vertically adjusting the same relatively to the stationary parts of the apparatus, the said wall being fiexible to permit its said adjustment.

23. An itpparatus for forming concrete work, comprising a traveling mold adapted to progress with the. formation of the work, the mold having a vertically disposed wall attached to and moving with the same and a relatively stationary member furnishing a wear or friction surface 4engaging the concrete and past the outer side of which member the said vertically disposed wall moves.

24. An apparatus for forming concrete work, comprising a traveling mold adapted to progress with the formation of the work, and having a top member and depending members at its sides and vertically disposed relatively stationary plates lying between thc sides of the concrete and the inner sides of the vertical walls or depending members for the purpose specified.

25. An apparatus for forming concrete work, comprising a traveling mold adapted to progress with thewformation of the work and having a top member and depending members at its sides, two vertically disposed relatively stationary plates lying against the inner sides of the vertical walls, and a transverse division means removably placed between t-he vertical plates.

26. An apparatus for forming concrete work, comprising a traveling mold adapted to progress with the formation of the work, and having a top member and depending members at its sides, and two vertically disposed relatively stationary plates lying against the inner sides of the vertical walls, and transverse division means removably placed between the vertical plates, such division means consisting of a group of three independently separate plates.

27. An apparatus for forming concrete work, comprising a traveling mold adapted to progress with the formation of the work,

and a transverse division means adapted to be placed in the path of the mold, whereby the mold may pass over the division means yand such means be removed rearward of the the mold having a part with a horizontally inclined surface adapted to engage an. obstruction, whereby to guide the mold by deflecting' it horizontally.

30. An apparatus for forming concrete work, comprising a traveling mold adapted to progress With the formation of the work, the mold having earth runners on which it moves and such runners having their front portions inclined horizontally and adapted to engage obstructions, whereby to guide the mold by delecting it horizontally.

31. An apparatus for forming concrete work comprisingy a traveling mold having a feed opening for the reception of the body of the work, a top wall rearward of the feed opening to level oil' the body of the work, the mold having a second feed opening rearward of said top wall to receive the top finish of the work and a second top wall rearward of the second feed opening to smooth and trowel the top finish.

32. An apparatus for forming. concrete work comprising a traveling mold having a main portion and a. top molding wall adapted to engage the work, said wall inl lioxs 

